ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of iodine supplementation on infant mortality and growth in Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Urine iodine, height and head circumference (HC) of children aged 5 years in two townships was measured before and yearly after iodine supplementation of irrigation water. Height and HC were expressed as Z scores (United States children used as the reference group). Neonatal and infant mortality rates were obtained from official records in three counties from 1988 to 1999, and analyzed by a logistic regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The odds ratio of infant mortality decreased 56.49% and neonatal mortality 65.71% respectively after iodination; there was no significant difference in the odds ratio of infant or neonatal mortality between experimental and control areas without iodination. In Langru township, the mean height of 5 year-old children increased from 95 cm in 1992 to 106.9 cm in 1998 - 1999, and HC from 48.4 cm to 50.5 cm. Median urine iodine increased from <10 to 176 micro g/L. In Bakechi township, mean height increased from 91 cm in 1993 to 106.5 cm in 1998 - 1999, HC from 48.7 to 49.6 cm, and median urine iodine from 39 to 138 micro g/L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In Xinjiang, adequate iodine treatment markedly decreased infant and neonatal mortality, and largely preventing stunting of height and HC in children.</p>